基于DoDAF的预警卫星系统作战体系结构建模

预警卫星系统在弹道导弹防御系统中处在最前沿,在战争中起着其他装备无法替代的作用。首先分析了Do DAF作战体系结构产品的内容和相互关系,提出了作战体系结构具体的设计步骤。依据预警卫星系统的作战流程,建立了部分作战体系结构模型,从不同侧面描述了预警卫星系统节点及节点间的信息关系。最后,对模型进行了语法和语义一致性验证,结果表明,建立的模型是正确的。     

如何提高学生《英语听力》课程的自主学习能力和效果

听、说、读、写是语言学习者必备的技能,而位居首位的听力,往往成为许多学生的绊脚石。仅仅靠有限的《英语听力》课堂时间,无法从根本上提高学生的听力水平。根据建构主义理论,听力的提高很大程度上要靠学生课后自主学习。而学生《英语听力》课程自主学习能力和效果的提高,取决于教师的课堂指导、书面作业及口头作业的选择。     

From control to parasitism

This article sets out to investigate the current paradoxical roles of border control agencies in order to contribute to the theoretical debate on border porosity and related security issues in West Africa. The colonial demarcation of African borders accounts for their porous nature initially, as borderland populations challenged the unjust scission of their cultural, economic, geographical and geopolitical spaces. However, new forms of porosity also evolved over time, masterminded by new actors. Drawing on the Ghana–Togo border case, and through interviews, observation and documentary analysis, this article argues that border control agencies are partly responsible for the current border porosity and attendant security problems as their jurisdiction has shifted to a multi-layered border parasitism. The article is not, however, an attack on border law enforcement agencies; rather it attempts to explore their roles in shielding the region, already exposed to terrorism and piracy, from further security threats.     

Mandated defence offsets: can they ever deliver?

Defence offsets are elements of defence procurement deals additional to the primary content. Offsets are usually expected to yield technological or industrial benefits to the purchasing country (e.g. countertrade, technology transfers, or additional jobs) and military buyers often require suppliers to make offsets available “cost-free.” The authors argued previously that such strategies achieve little of value to buyers that lack market power and are unnecessary otherwise, since purchasers with the market power to extract more value for money from foreign suppliers can do so anyway. This article also focuses on the supply side of offset deals. The USA is the world's largest defence offsets supplier but the US government opposes offsets demands as economically inefficient and trade distorting. Even if offsets are inefficient and trade distorting, they may still benefit a materiel-exporting country such as the USA as they may induce exports and create associated benefits for the offsets provider.     

军事装备试验项目质量管理

研究分析装备试验质量管理的概念、特点等相关理论,提出了装备试验质量管理体系结构及职责,并根据军事装备试验的四个阶段,研究提出试验全过程质量控制的基本方法。     

基于循环追踪算法的编队航天器交会控制

采用循环追踪算法解决编队航天器交会控制问题。建立并推导了线性循环追踪算法和非线性循环追踪算法数学模型,提出了绕飞平面采用循环追踪控制,绕飞平面法向采用比例微分进行振动抑制的编队交会控制律。基于脉冲推力方式,对绕飞平面分别采用线性和非线性循环追踪的三航天器编队交会控制问题进行了仿真分析。仿真结果表明,提出的基于循环追踪的控制方式可满足编队航天器交会控制要求,航天器按顺时针运行轨迹交会于初始位置决定的参考中心,三航天器间相对距离、相对运动速度变化趋势基本一致,速度增量消耗较小,为航天器编队构形控制研究提供有益参考。     

The Nepalese Army: From counterinsurgency to peacekeeping?

Can peacekeeping participation help reform military institutions in democratizing states? Drawing on evidence from Nepal – one of the world's largest troop contributors to UN peacekeeping operations – this essay illustrates that participation in peace missions can sometimes undermine security sector reform and deteriorate civil–military relations. Furthermore, this analysis shows that peacekeeping participation will not necessarily reorient troops away from their conventional internal roles (such as counterinsurgency) or improve civilian control over the armed forces. Hence, civilians can lose control over soldiers just as frequently when they are deployed overseas as when they are at home.     

基于虚拟模型控制的四足机器人对角小跑动态控制*

基于虚拟模型控制方法,根据四足机器人单腿雅克比矩阵得到支撑相与摆动相的控制法则。为实现机器人躯体的完全控制,提出了一种控制目标分解的方法,将四足机器人躯体的控制目标分解到每条支撑腿的控制上。通过构建每条支撑腿的虚拟构件,并将虚拟构件产生的虚拟力转换为期望关节力矩,从而实现支撑腿的虚拟模型控制;实时规划摆动足的运动轨迹,利用虚拟构件连接摆动腿的足端与期望的摆动轨迹,实现摆动腿的虚拟模型控制。在设定四条腿的相位轮换规律的基础上,对一个四足机器人二维平面模型进行对角小跑步态下的速度控制及抗干扰仿真试验。仿真结果证明该控制方法能够有效控制机器人躯体的高度、速度及倾角,实现四足机器人对角小跑运动的动态控制并具有一定的抗冲击干扰能力。     

战斗机末端机动的非线性模型预测控制规避策略

利用非线性模型预测控制的思想建立了战斗机末端规避导弹的机动策略求解方法。根据导弹与战机的空战态势,建立了导弹与战机的相对运动微分方程;将导弹的导引律引入到导弹运动模型中,与飞机模型一起构建了系统预测模型,并对飞机和导弹的运动约束进行了分析。通过对导弹结构限制和战术特性的分析,给出了飞机机动规避导弹的性能指标,进而建立了机动规避导弹的最优控制模型。利用高斯伪谱法对模型进行求解,采用滚动优化策略实现了对机动规避策略的闭环求解。针对导弹气动参数和导航比未知以及相对测量量具有噪声的问题,利用极大似然法对导弹的气动参数和导航比进行估计,实现了对系统预测模型的反馈校正。仿真结果表明,此方法能够实现对导弹的机动规避。     

盖板式陶瓷热防护系统的传热性能优化

针对高超声速飞行器对盖板式陶瓷热防护系统的迫切需求,建立了热防护系统结构瞬态传热模型;并研究了防隔热层的物性参数,厚度尺寸,相变层的种类、位置等因素对热防护系统结构传热性能的影响。结果表明,隔热层物性参数及厚度尺寸对热防护系统结构传热性能具有决定性影响,而防热层的物性参数及厚度尺寸几乎不产生影响。相变材料的引入能够明显改善热防护系统结构的传热性能。调整和优化相变层位置是改善热防护系统结构传热性能、降低结构厚度的一个有效途径。隔热层厚度的优化结果可为热防护系统结构设计提供一定的参考和依据。